Tuesday, June 3, 2025

The Career of Eppa Rixey

Originally published on Aug. 27, 2023

By Zane Miller

Over the course of the 120-year history of the Cincinnati Reds in the MLB, the team has had several notable starting pitchers take the mound. However, out of all of them, only one has been elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame by pitching most of their career with the Reds, with that being 266-game winner Eppa Rixey, who pitched in Cincinnati from 1921 to 1933.

Born on May 3rd, 1891, Rixey grew up in Charlottesville, Virginia and remained in the city as he attended college, enrolling in the University of Virginia and eventually graduating with a master’s degrees in both Latin and chemistry in 1914. On top of his academic achievements, Rixey also became a standout athlete, representing the school in both men’s basketball and, as you’ve probably already guessed, baseball. While the baseball team reportedly struggled during Rixey’s time at Virginia, he would still play well enough to attract the attention of the team’s assistant coach, Cy Rigler. However, Rigler’s word carried more weight than most, as he wore many hats in the baseball world at the time.

Rigler is best known for his lengthy career as an umpire for the MLB, serving in the role from 1906 to 1935, officiating in 10 World Series along the way and is also believed to be the first umpire to use hand signals to convey on-field calls. On top of that, Rigler also did scouting work for the Philadelphia Phillies organization, despite the pretty obvious conflict of interest for an umpire to do so. However, with no rules preventing this at the time (though there would be shortly after this situation took place), Rigler was able to convince the Phillies to take a chance on Eppa Rixey and bring him up for the 1912 campaign.

Rixey picked up his first career win in dominating fashion on July 5th, 1912, as the Phillies defeated the Boston (now Atlanta) Braves 10-0 with Rixey going all nine innings with seven hits, two walks and five strikeouts in the complete game shutout. The remainder of his rookie year would be mostly successful as well, picking up a 10-10 record, with an ERA of 2.50 in 162 innings pitched, claiming 59 strikeouts in the process. However, the Phillies would still be left searching for their first World Series appearance in franchise history with a season record of 73-79.

Rixey’s sophomore season saw him carry on his progress with a 9-5 record, getting a 3.12 ERA and 75 strikeouts in 155 and two-thirds innings pitched, helping the Phillies to an 88-63 season, though they would come up just one spot short of a World Series berth to the 101-win New York (now San Francisco) Giants. Despite keeping the sophomore slump at bay temporarily, it would catch up with him in 1914. In what would be one of the worst seasons of his career, Rixey pitched just 103 innings, yet finished with an abysmal 2-11 record in 24 games, ballooning his ERA to 4.37 with 41 strikeouts as the team struggled to a 74-80 showing. Undaunted by the off year, both Rixey and the Phillies would bounce back in a major way in 1915.

While Rixey posted a record of 11-12, this is one of those cases where the win-loss record isn’t indicative of how the season went as a whole, as he contributed 176 and two-thirds innings with a 2.39 ERA and 88 strikeouts as the Phillies went 90-62 to claim the National League pennant and face the Boston Red Sox in the 1915 World Series. Rixey first appeared in game five of the series on October 13th, with the Phillies facing elimination as the Red Sox held a lead of three games to one. Coming into the contest in relief of starter Erskine Mayer, who had given up two runs in two and a third innings, he held Boston scoreless through the next four and two-thirds innings with just one hit and a pair of walks, allowing the Philadelphia offense to do the rest to keep their championship hopes alive, as they hung onto a 4-2 advantage going into the eighth. In that inning, however, the situation for the Phillies began to go awry.

As Rixey gave up a leadoff single to Red Sox first baseman Del Gainer, left fielder Duffy Lewis took advantage of the narrow window of opportunity with a home run to the deep center field of Philadelphia’s Baker Bowl, tying the game at four apiece. Though Rixey got out of the inning without further incident, Boston’s offense would not be silenced in the ninth.

With the score still knotted up, Rixey claimed his first strikeout of the day with a punchout of his pitching counterpart Rube Foster. However, veteran right fielder Harry Hooper, who had already hit one home run off of Mayer back in the third inning, smashed his second of the game to center field as well, putting the Red Sox out in front for the first time on the afternoon. Though he ended the inning with a strikeout of center fielder Tris Speaker, the Phillies would be unable to force a game six as the offense went down in order in the bottom of the inning as the Red Sox claimed their third World Series title. Unfortunately for Rixey, this would be the only World Series appearance of his career.

In 1916, Rixey had the best season of his time in Philadelphia, scoring a 22-10 record with an ERA of 1.85, with this being the only year he would have a sub-2 ERA. In addition, he would also post a career-high 134 strikeouts, though perhaps the most eye-popping stat of the season is the 287 innings pitched, more than 100 more than his previous highest total. Despite his best efforts, the Phillies would narrowly miss making back-to-back World Series visits, losing the NL title to the Brooklyn Robins (now Los Angeles Dodgers). The 1917 season saw Rixey provide a comparable output to the previous year despite what a 16-21 record would suggest, as he had a 2.27 ERA in 281 and a third innings pitched and crossed the 100-strikeout mark for a second time with 121, though the Phillies again were runners-up in the NL as the Giants took the World Series spot. Although Rixey had established himself by this point as a mainstay of the Phillies’ rotation, his career was about to hit a sudden turning point.

With the United States being engaged in World War I throughout the 1918 MLB season, many players temporarily left the league to enlist in the military, with Rixey being no exception as he sat out the full season to join the Chemical Warfare Division overseas in Europe. Once he returned after the war for the 1919 season, however, he did not post anywhere near the numbers he had in his two most recent years, getting a 6-12 finish with a 3.97 ERA in 154 innings, while striking out 63. His 1920 stats were mixed, as he took an ERA of 3.48 to an 11-22 record, though he somewhat returned to form with 284 innings pitched, as well as getting 109 strikeouts to reach triple-digit strikeout numbers for the third and final time of his career.

By this point, Rixey had reportedly become disgruntled with manager Gavvy Cravath. Though I couldn’t find specific reasons as to why he felt this way, it’s safe to assume that finishing last in the National League for two straight seasons did not help smooth out the relationship. With his underwhelming performance since returning from military service, the Phillies were ready to move on from Rixey, and he was traded to the Reds on November 22nd, 1920. Though Rixey’s time in the City of Brotherly Love had its fair share of highlights, he was about to find another level in Cincinnati.

Rixey’s debut in the Queen City saw him pass 300 innings pitched for the first time in a season, throwing 301 on the way to a 19-18 record with a 2.78 ERA and 76 strikeouts, further cementing his reputation as one of the most durable pitchers in MLB history. In addition, he also collected the 100th win of his career on July 31st, 1921 in a 12-inning game against the Giants, which the Reds won 8-7 as Rixey appropriately pitched a complete game.

In 1922, Rixey dug even deeper to silence any doubt of his dependability, going a career-high 313 and a third innings with another career-high 25 wins, packaged with a 3.53 ERA and 80 strikeouts as the Reds scored an 86-68 record, coming up one spot shy of making it to their second World Series in franchise history. Although the Cy Young Award and NL MVP award didn’t exist at this point in MLB history, there’s certainly a strong chance that Rixey would have gotten serious consideration. The 1923 campaign saw Rixey get another 20-win season, with an ERA of 2.80 and 97 strikeouts while going 309 innings. The Reds would have yet another strong season, finishing at 91-63, though they would be runners-up behind the Giants for a second year in a row.

Despite a somewhat modest 15-14 record in 1924 to follow up two straight 20-win seasons, Rixey’s 2.78 ERA was on par with his prime years despite his innings pitched and strikeouts dropping to 238 and a third and 57 respectively. The most special of those K’s came on September 18th against the Giants, earning his 1,000th career strikeout against rookie left fielder Hack Wilson, who would go on to set the single-season RBI record of 191 in 1930, a record which still stands to this day. Interestingly, 1924 would be the only year in which Rixey received any MVP votes, as the NL reinstated the award for the first time since 1914, though he did not come close to surpassing the eventual winner in Robins pitcher Dazzy Vance. While the Reds scored another winning season, their 83-70 finish put them at midpack amongst the other NL teams.

1925 would mark a turning point for Rixey’s career, as this would be the final season in which he would surpass 20 wins, going 21-11 on the way to a 2.88 ERA and 69 strikeouts in 287 innings, with the Reds again missing the postseason despite a winning record at 80-73. The 1926 and 1927 seasons would not be much to write home about for Rixey, as he only had 14 and 12 wins respectively as his ERA jumped to 3.40 and 3.48 as well. However, his main highlight from these two years occurred on September 13th, 1926, as he and the Reds defeated the Robins 4-0 for his 200th career win in a complete game shutout. While the team secured their fifth consecutive winning record in 1926 at 87-67, this streak would come to an end in 1927 with a 75-78 run.

1928 would be somewhat of a return to form for Rixey, going 19-18 while pitching 291 and a third innings and getting 58 strikeouts, although his ERA remained below standard at 3.43. While Cincinnati fought back to a winning record of 78-74, this would be the final season of relevance for the team for quite some time, as they would not see another season above .500 until 1938.

By the end of 1929, it became pretty clear that Rixey’s career was beginning to wind down, as he went 10-13 for his first losing record since the 1920 season, as well as pitching to a 4.16 ERA with 37 strikeouts in 201 innings. 1930 would be even worse for both Rixey and the team, as he picked up just nine wins as his ERA ballooned to a career-worst 5.10 while going just 164 innings, his lowest output since 1919. Consequently, the Reds fell from 66-88 in 1929 to an abysmal 59-95 in 1930, the lowest win total in the team’s 27-year existence in the MLB. However, there would be a ray of sunshine for Rixey during this disastrous campaign, as he took down the Robins 5-1 in the second game of a doubleheader on August 23rd for career win #250.

In 1931, Rixey’s role became even more diminished with just 126 innings and two-thirds innings pitched, as he took a 4-7 record with a 3.91 ERA and 22 strikeouts, with the Reds sinking further in the standings with a 58-96 finish. However, 1932 would bring with it a little bit a little bit of history for the team, as this was the first season that the Reds would use official uniform numbers. Rixey claimed #18, obviously becoming the first Reds player to use this number. While it would eventually be retired in Cincinnati midway through the 1998 season, its retirement would be for longtime first baseman Ted Kluszewski, who used the number from 1948 to 1957.

Rixey had an improved 1932 season being used primarily out of the bullpen, claiming a 2.66 ERA, his first sub-3 ERA since 1925, while taking a 5-5 record in 111 and two-thirds innings with the Reds finishing at 60-94. In what would be his swan song season in 1933, Rixey captured a final winning record and first since 1928 at 6-3, while pitching to a 3.15 ERA in 94 and a third inning, while capturing 10 strikeouts. Despite this, the Reds would have another miserable year, finishing at 58-94. With his final game, and final career win, coming on August 5th in a 6-3 victory over the St. Louis Cardinals in a complete game effort, Rixey finished his MLB career with 266 wins, 692 games played, 4,494 and two-thirds innings pitched, 1,350 strikeouts and a career ERA of 3.15.

After announcing his retirement, Rixey joined an insurance business in Cincinnati owned by his father-in-law, where he would eventually be selected to serve as president. After being voted into the Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame in 1959 in just its second year of operation, he would then be inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1963. Upon hearing the news that he would soon be officially entered into the Hall of Fame, Rixey joked, “I guess they’re really scraping the bottom of the barrel, aren’t they?”

Tragically, before Rixey could officially accept his induction, he passed away from a heart attack on February 27th, 1963, at age 71. His daughter, Ann, attended the enshrinement ceremony on his behalf that August. Longtime teammate and Reds catcher Bubbles Hargrave said of Rixey, “Eppa was just great. He was great as a pitcher, fielder, and competitor. I look on him as the most outstanding player I came in contact with in my entire career.”

List of sources:

https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/r/rixeyep01.shtml

https://sabr.org/bioproj/person/Eppa-Rixey/

https://baseballhall.org/hall-of-famers/rixey-eppa

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